Cognitive style modulates conscious but not unconscious thought: Comparing the deliberation-without-attention effect in analytics and wholists |
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| Affiliation: | 1. The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Department of Psychiatry, Hempstead, NY, USA;2. The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Manhasset, NY, USA;3. Division of Psychiatry Research, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Division of Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA;4. Weill-Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA;1. School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA;2. Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego | UCSD – Department of Psychiatry, USA;3. Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA |
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| Abstract: | Unconscious thought theory (UTT) suggests that conscious thinking is less effective in complex decision-making than unconscious thinking. However, little research has taken individual differences (e.g., cognitive style) into account. Using an adapted UTT paradigm, the present study compared the performances of individuals with a wholist or an analytic cognitive style in both conscious and unconscious thought conditions. After viewing information regarding four hypothetical phones, participants in the conscious thought condition deliberated for three minutes before rating the phones, while participants in the unconscious thought condition were distracted with a 2-back task for three minutes before rating. The results showed that wholists were equally good at differentiating good and bad phones after conscious or unconscious thought, whereas analytics performed well only when thinking unconsciously. The modulation effect of cognitive style appeared only in conscious thought. Implications for UTT and the understanding of cognitive style are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Conscious thought Unconscious thought Deliberation-without-attention effect Cognitive style Wholist Analytic |
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