惊跳反射的生理心理机制

惊跳反射作为动物及人类在应对意外刺激或遇到险情时的一种避险保护反应，具有重要的生物学意义。以往的研究较多关注听觉惊跳反射，在反应指标上多采用眼部及面部表情肌的反应，如眨眼反射。惊跳反射的生理机制为突发性强刺激直接传向杏仁核的直接通路所致。惊跳反射增强的心理机制可能为致敏作用或恐惧性条件作用，而惊跳反射衰减的心理机制可能是适应、前脉冲抑制或愉快衰减。未来的研究应关注视觉惊跳反射，观察全身躯体姿势维持肌肉群的反应模式，并以先进设备对惊跳反射的信息加工脑机制进行深入的研究

Physiopsychological Mechanism of Startle Reflex

Startle reflex(SR), as a kind of protective reflex by animals and human beings to avoid potential dangers in the exposure to unexpected stimulus or dangerous conditions, has its biological significances. Most of the previous studies focused on acoustic startle reflex, and adopted the reflexes of eyes and facial expression muscles, like eyeblink reflex, as the dependent variable. The physiological mechanism of SR is the direct pathway through amygdale. While the psychological mechanism of strengthened SR is sensitization or fear-conditioning that of weakened SR is habituation, prepulse inhibition or pleasure-attenuation. Future studies should pay more attention to visual startle reflex. The reflex pattern of the gesture-holding muscles throughout the body is to be observed, and more in-depth studies are to be carried out, with the help of advanced instruments, on the brain’s information processing mechanism for startle reflex