视觉工作记忆更新操作过程独立于刺激类型

采用4×2被试内设计和2-back视觉工作记忆更新任务,探讨不同刺激类型对任务的影响,并且分离更新任务中的操作与存储成分。结果发现,字母、具体意义的汉字、抽象意义的汉字以及图片的更新任务成绩没有差异,表明更新是一种程序化的认知过程,独立于刺激类型;不同材料的再认成绩存在差异,字母的再认率低于其它三种材料,汉字的再认率也略低于图片,表明更新任务中的存储与更新操作是相互独立的过程,在作业任务上可以产生分离。

VISUAL WORKING MEMORY UPDATING:A COGNITIVE OPERATION INDEPENDENT OF STIMULUS TYPE

This study was to explore whether the nature of stimulus type influences the processes in visual working memory updating and whether the manipulation and maintenance components in updating can be differentiated experimentally. A 4×2 within-subject design was used, in which participants were given a visual 2-back task, followed by a recognition task in each trial. It was found that the updating components were essentially the same for letters, Chinese characters with concrete meaning, Chinese characters with abstract meaning, and object pictures, with no significant difference found in the updating performance. In contrast, for the maintenance components, the recognition performance was the worst for letters and the best for pictures, with Chinese characters in the middle. The results suggested that the manipulation components in visual working memory updating were cognitive operations independent of stimulus type, and updating manipulation and maintenance can be functionally dissociated.