Inducing Thought Processes: Bringing Process Measures and Cognitive Processes Closer Together |
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| Authors: | Michael Schulte‐Mecklenbeck Anton Kühberger Benjamin Gagl Florian Hutzler |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Business Administration, Consumer Behavior, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland;2. Center for Adaptive Rationality, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany;3. Centre of Cognitive Neuroscience & Department of Psychology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria;4. Department of Psychology & Center for Individual Development and Adaptive Education of Children at Risk (IDeA), Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany |
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| Abstract: | The challenge in inferring cognitive processes from observational data is to correctly align overt behavior with its covert cognitive process. To improve our understanding of this overt–covert mapping in the domain of decision making, we collected eye‐movement data during decisions between gamble‐problems. Participants were either free to choose or instructed to use a specific choice strategy (maximizing expected value or a choice heuristic). We found large differences in looking patterns between free and instructed choices. Looking patterns provided no support for the common assumption that attention is equally distributed between outcomes and probabilities, even when participants were instructed to maximize expected value. Eye‐movement data are to some extent ambiguous with respect to underlying cognitive processes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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| Keywords: | process tracing expected value priority heuristic eye‐tracking reverse inference |
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