外表真实区别、表征变化和错误信念的任务分析

自20世纪80年代以来,“心理理论”已成为发展心理学的研究热点和最活跃、最多产的领域。为了分析和比较“心理理论”的实验任务,该研究以济南市3所幼儿园中的233名3—6岁儿童为有效被试。进行了“意外转移。和“欺骗外表”两种心理理论实验任务。得出如下主要结论：(1)意外转移任务中内隐错误信念显著难于标准错误信念,易化错误信念与标准错误信念的难度不存在显著差异。(2)欺骗外表任务中外表真实区别难度显著低于表征变化和错误信念。(3)意外转移任务的错误信念显著难于欺骗外表任务的错误信念。

The Task Analysis of Appearance-Reality Distinction,Representational Change and False Belief

Since the eighties of the 20th century, Theory-of- mind (TOM) has been an area of much concern among developmental psychologists. In the present study, the "unexpected transfer" and "deceptive appearance" experimental tasks were assigned to a sample of 233 3-6-year-old children from three urban kindergartens to explore and compare the experimental tasks of theory-of-mind. The results indicated that: (1) In the "unexpected transfer" tasks, the question of implicit false belief was more'difficult to answer than the standard false belief ones, but no significant difference was found between the "first" false belief and standard false belief. (2) In the "deceptive appearance" tasks, the questions of representational change and false belief were more difficult to answer than appearance-reality distinction. (3)False belief of "unexpected transfer" tasks was more difficult to answer than the false belief of "deceptive appearance" tasks.