Motor imagery ability and internal representation of movement in children with probable developmental coordination disorder |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Sport Science, Exercise & Health, The University of Western Australia, Australia;2. Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Australia;3. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, and School of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living and College of Sport and Exercise Science, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;2. Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia;3. Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, Nijmegen, The Netherlands;4. Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne, Australia;1. Laboratoire Psychologie des Actions Langagières et Motrices, Université de Caen, France;2. Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, The Netherlands;3. Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne, Australia;4. Laboratoire Cognitions Humaine et Artificielle, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, France;1. Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Cape Town, F45 Old Main Building, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa;2. School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, 115 Victoria Pde., Melbourne, VIC 3065, Australia;3. Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Department of Kinesiology, Movement Control and Neuroplasticity Research Group, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Tervuursevest 101, Postbox 1501, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium;1. Radboud University Nijmegen, Behavioural Science Institute, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne 3065, VIC, Australia;1. Cognitive Neuroscience Unit, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;2. Discipline of Psychology, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia;3. College of Sport and Exercise Science & Institute of Sport Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia;1. Institute for Health Research, University of Notre Dame, Perth, Australia;2. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, United Kingdom;3. Deakin Child Study Centre, School of Psychology, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia |
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| Abstract: | It has been hypothesised that deficits in the functioning of the mirror neuron system (MNS) and internal modelling may contribute to the motor impairments associated with DCD. These processes can be explored behaviourally through motor imagery paradigms. Motor imagery proficiency of children with and without probable DCD (pDCD) was examined using a complex hand rotation task to explore whether motor imagery strategies could be used during more complex tasks. Forty-four boys aged 7–13 years participated, 22 with pDCD (mean = 9.90 years ± 1.57) and 22 controls (mean = 9.68 years ± 1.53). Participants completed the task twice: with and without motor imagery instructions. Stimuli were presented in two rotational axes – palm/back, and eight 45° rotational steps. Both groups showed evidence of following the biomechanical and postural constraints of actual movements. Responses of children with pDCD were slower and less accurate than controls, with group differences increasing alongside task complexity. A greater impact of biomechanical constraints for accuracy was observed in the DCD group. The response characteristics of children with pDCD likely reflects a reduced capacity to mentally manipulate a body schema and reduced visuo-motor processing capabilities. Behaviourally, these processes are linked to MNS and internal modelling function, suggesting deficits in these systems may contribute to the movement difficulties characteristic of DCD. |
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| Keywords: | Developmental coordination disorder Mirror neuron system Internal (forward) modelling Motor imagery Mental rotation |
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