Advanced age brings a greater reliance on visual feedback to maintain balance during walking |
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| Institution: | 1. Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;2. Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;3. Dept. of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;4. Dept. of Engineering Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA;5. Dept. of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA;6. Dept. of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA;1. Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;2. Center for the Intrepid, Brooke Army Medical Center, JBSA Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA;1. Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Kinesiology and Recreation Administration, Humboldt State University, CA, United States;2. Locomtion Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, CO, United States;1. University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, Groningen, the Netherlands;2. East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States;3. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, United States;4. Institute of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary;5. Somogy County Kaposi Mór Teaching Hospital, Kaposvár, Hungary;1. Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States;2. Department of Kinesiology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States;3. Division of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health Science Srinakharinwirot University, Ongkharak Campus, Nakhonnayok, Thailand;4. Physical Therapy Department, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States;5. Department of Physical Therapy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States;1. Institute of Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics, RWTH Aachen University, Bergdriesch 27, 52062 Aachen, Germany;2. Cybernetics Lab IMA/ZLW & IfU, RWTH Aachen University, Dennewartstr. 27, 52068 Aachen, Germany;1. Department of Kinesiology & Health Education, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712, USA;2. Department of Kinesiology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;3. Department of Engineering Science & Mechanics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA |
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| Abstract: | We implemented a virtual reality system to quantify differences in the use of visual feedback to maintain balance during walking between healthy young (n = 12, mean age: 24 years) and healthy old (n = 11, 71 years) adults. Subjects walked on a treadmill while watching a speed-matched, virtual hallway with and without mediolateral visual perturbations. A motion capture system tracked center of mass (CoM) motion and foot kinematics. Spectral analysis, detrended fluctuation analysis, and local divergence exponents quantified old and young adults’ dynamic response to visual perturbations. Old and young adults walked normally with comparable CoM spectral characteristics, lateral step placement temporal persistence, and local divergence exponents. Perturbed visual flow induced significantly larger changes in mediolateral CoM motion in old vs. young adults. Moreover, visual perturbations disrupted the control of lateral step placement and compromised local dynamic stability more significantly in old than young adults. Advanced age induces a greater reliance on visual feedback to maintain balance during waking, an effect that may compensate for degradations in somatosensation. Our findings are relevant to the early diagnosis of sensory-induced balance impairments and also point to the potential use of virtual reality to evaluate sensory rehabilitation and balance training programs for old adults. |
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| Keywords: | Optical flow Stability Elderly Sensorimotor Virtual reality |
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