Interventions for caregivers of older and dependent adults: a review

Studies of intervention for caregivers of older and dependent relatives are reviewed. National (PortalMayores, Psicodoc, Psyke) and international (Ageline, Cochrane Library, Medline, Psycinfo) databases were searched for randomized studies, published from 1980 to 2004, that attempt to reduce emotional distress in caregivers. Most intervention studies focus on caregivers of dementia patients and these caregivers are usually females. Caregivers are not an easy group to access. Intervention objectives and contents vary widely and they are not always well defined. The reported effects are moderate. Studies achieve significant outcomes in reducing distress from behavioural problems, but it is difficult to improve depression levels. Psychotherapeutic interventions have shown moderate efficacy. To conclude, future intervention studies should determine the theoretical framework clearly, as well as the goals, and should use more extensive followup periods.