多重关系视角下心理咨询的伦理风险治理

多重关系是心理咨询的一项重要伦理议题，也是影响心理咨询服务质量的主要因素。以多重关系为视角，系统性梳理心理咨询的伦理风险、评析国内服务环境现状，解读域外伦理和法律规范的治理逻辑。对于心理咨询服务缺乏有效治理的问题，建议以伦理规范为基础，在伦理规范中建立相应的预判机制、督导机制和约束机制，在立法中确定心理咨询师对多重关系的预防义务、风险应对义务，建立心理咨询督导制度。最终形成和完善由政府部门、行业协会等利益相关方参与的共同治理法治框架。

Ethical Risk Governance in Psychological Counseling from the Perspective of Multiple Relationships

Multiple relationships are an important ethical issue in psychological counseling, and it is also the main factor affecting the quality of psychological counseling services. From the perspective of multiple relationships, the paper systematically sorts out the ethical risks of psychological counseling, evaluates the current situation of domestic service environment, and interprets the governance logic of ethical and legal standards abroad. As for the lack of effective governance of psychological counseling services, it is suggested to establish the corresponding prediction mechanism, supervision mechanism and constraint mechanism in the ethical norms. Legislation should outline the preventive obligations and risk response obligations of psychological counselors in multiple relationships, and establish a system for supervising psychological counseling. Ultimately, a collaborative governance and legal framework involving government departments, industry associations and other stakeholders will be formed and improved.