语音加工的发展、老化及其神经机制

作为人类语言活动的重要组成成分,语音加工经历着“习得-发展-老化”的变化过程。本文首先综述了婴儿、儿童、成年人及老年人在语音意识、语音提取,语音工作记忆等方面的表现及相应加工机制。其次,分析了不同年龄段个体语音加工发展变化的神经基础。最后,通过比较不同时期个体语音加工发展进程,围绕语音加工发展过程、语音老化有无关键年龄以及如何干预等问题进行展望。

The Development,Aging and Neural Mechanism in Phonological Processing

As an important component of language activities, the developing course of phonological processing includes 3 pivotal stages, e.g., acquisition, development, and aging. On base of the development model in phonological performance and mechanism, literature reviews about phonological awareness, vocabulary extraction, as well as phonological working memory were firstly made in this paper. Then we analyzed the neural basis of the development of speech cognition in infants and the elderly. Finally, by comparing the development of phonological processing at different stages, we discussed 3 key issues about phonological processing mechanism change or not, critical period of and retard of the aging in phonological processing.