语境与颜色诊断性对句子理解中物体隐含颜色知觉模拟的影响

具身认知理论的代表知觉符号系统认为知识表征具有知觉特点,并假设语言理解中对于所涉及概念及其隐含属性会即时进行知觉模拟。当前研究采用句图匹配范式,通过三个实验探讨句子理解中是否会对物体隐含颜色属性进行知觉模拟及其具体条件。实验1沿用经典范式验证语言理解中对物体隐含颜色存在知觉模拟过程。实验2通过变化句子前语境考察语境是否支持对于物体隐含颜色知觉模拟的影响。实验3进一步考察当颜色属性与其对应物体存在稳定关联时(即具有高颜色诊断性的物体),在不同语境作用下是否会引起知觉表征的变化。研究结果表明,语言理解中知觉模拟过程是灵活的,语境改变会引起读者所激活的物体颜色知觉表征发生变化,并且对于高颜色诊断物体,即使缺乏支持语境,读者仍然会对句中隐含的物体特定颜色进行知觉模拟。

The Influence of Context and Color Diagnosticity on Perceptual Simulation of Implied Color Information During Sentence Comprehension

Perceptual symbol system held the hypothesis that knowledge representation is perceptual, and readers simulate objects' implied properties by activating perceptual representation during language comprehension. The present study used sentence-picture matching paradigm to explore that whether perceptual simulating process of implied object color information exists during sentence comprehension. Experiment 1 proved that implied color information of objects was perceptually simulated during sentence reading. In Experiment 2, contexts of sentences were changed to explore whether contexts affected perceptual simulation of implied color information. In Experimental 3, relationship between objects and their corresponding color was taken into consideration. The result showed that both context and color diagnosticity played roles in perceptual simulating process of implied object color. Furthermore, to objects with high color diagnosticity, their implied colors were always simulated during sentence processing, even lacking of sufficient sentence contexts.