Effect of stride length on overarm throwing delivery: A linear momentum response |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Health Professions Education, D’Youville College, Buffalo, NY 14201, United States;2. Department of Exercise Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States;1. Department of Sports Sciences, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan;2. Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan;3. School of Health and Sports Science, Chukyo University, Toyota, Japan;4. Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Tokyo, Japan;1. Sports Medicine and Shoulder Service, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.;2. School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.;3. Broward Orthopedic Specialists, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, U.S.A.;1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan;2. Nobuhara Hospital and Institute of Biomechanics, Tatsuno, Japan;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Hyogo University of Health Sciences School of Rehabilitation, Kobe, Japan;1. Illinois State University, United States;2. Texas Metroplex Institute for Sports Medicine and Orthopedics, United States;3. University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States |
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| Abstract: | Changing stride length during overhand throwing delivery is thought to alter total body and throwing arm linear momentums, thereby altering the proportion of throwing arm momentum relative to the total body. Using a randomized cross-over design, nineteen pitchers (15 collegiate and 4 high school) were assigned to pitch two simulated 80-pitch games at ±25% of their desired stride length. An 8-camera motion capture system (240 Hz) integrated with two force plates (960 Hz) and radar gun tracked each throw. Segmental linear momentums in each plane of motion were summed yielding throwing arm and total body momentums, from which compensation ratio’s (relative contribution between the two) were derived. Pairwise comparisons at hallmark events and phases identified significantly different linear momentum profiles, in particular, anteriorly directed total body, throwing arm, and momentum compensation ratios (P ⩽ .05) as a result of manipulating stride length. Pitchers with shorter strides generated lower forward (anterior) momentum before stride foot contact, whereas greater upward and lateral momentum (toward third base) were evident during the acceleration phase. The evidence suggests insufficient total body momentum in the intended throwing direction may potentially influence performance (velocity and accuracy) and perhaps precipitate throwing arm injuries. |
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| Keywords: | Baseball Pitching mechanics Stride length Linear momentum Biomechanics |
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