Positive beliefs about worry: A psychometric evaluation of the Why Worry-II |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Canada;2. Clinique des Troubles Anxieux, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Canada;3. Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Canada;4. National Center for PTSD, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, United States;5. Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, United States;1. University of Muenster, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Fliednerstrasse 21, 48149 Muenster, Germany;2. University of Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Psychology, Weesperplein 4, 1018 XA Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. University of Salzburg, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience and Department of Psychology, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;4. LMU Munich, Department of Psychology, Leopoldstrasse 13, 80802 Munich, Germany;1. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 64 Cummington Mall, Boston, MA 02215, United States;2. Department of Psychology, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave., Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States;1. Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;2. Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, United Kingdom |
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| Abstract: | Positive beliefs about worry are theorized to maintain excessive and uncontrollable worry, the hallmark of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD; American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The Why Worry-II (WW-II) is a 25-item revised questionnaire designed to measure five positive beliefs about worry. These five beliefs are that worry: (1) facilitates problem solving; (2) enhances motivation; (3) protects against negative emotions; (4) prevents negative outcomes; and (5) reflects a positive personality trait. The main goal of this study was to assess the WW-II’s psychometric properties, including its factor structure. Undergraduate participants (N = 309) completed the WW-II, and measures of worry, depression, anxiety, and positive and negative beliefs about worry. Overall, the results suggest that the five-factor model is a good fit to the data. The WW-II demonstrated excellent internal consistency, good test–retest reliability at six weeks, and evidence of convergent and divergent validity. The WW-II also uniquely predicted worry severity. Overall, our findings suggest that the WW-II has a five-factor structure congruent with theoretical predictions, sound psychometric properties, and a unique relationship to excessive worry. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. |
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| Keywords: | Generalized anxiety disorder Worry Positive beliefs about worry Confirmatory factor analysis Psychometrics |
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