关系因素与个体因素在儿童早期社会能力中的作用

采用儿童早期行为评价量表、亲子关系量表和师生关系量表,对443名幼儿的父母和教师进行了测查,在生态系统理论的框架下探讨了儿童性别、年级及父子、母子、师生关系对早期社会能力的影响。结果发现:小班和中班儿童的师生关系好于托班;女孩的社会能力高于男孩,小班和中班儿童的社会能力高于托班。控制了性别与年级的作用之后,父子、母子与师生关系对儿童社会能力都有显著的正向预测作用,但三者的平均值具有最强的预测作用,这一结果支持了多重关系作用于儿童发展的"平均化假说"。

Relational and Individual Predictors of Children's Early Social Competence

Based on a sample of 443 kindergartners and their parents and teachers,the present study investigated the effects of individual(i.e.,child gender,grade)and relational(i.e.,children's relationships with fathers,mothers, and teachers)factors on children's early social competence.The results showed that girls'social competence was higher than boys'and K3 and K2 children's teacher-child relationships and social competence were higher than K1 children's. In addition,although relationships with fathers,mothers,and teachers separately predicted children's social competence,the average score of these relationships was the strongest predictor.