性善:一种引导性的概念--孟子性善论的哲学意蕴与方法内涵

长期以来，学术界把孟子的性善观念理解为一种先验性的学说，但是，本文认为。先验／经验的范畴归属于认知性的哲学(cognitive philosophy)，其论证功能更多的指向理论。而不是规范。而孟子的性善说却以对于“以故言性”的认知性的人性理论的批判为其出发点，后者所导致的理论结果往往是“以情才代性”，也就说，认知性的人性论触及的总是“情”与“才”，而不是真正的“性”。而孟子本人的性善论不是对于人性所表现出来的经验性事实的理论解释，其功能主要是规范性的，可以将之理解为一种引导性(orientative)的概念，它的主旨不在于获得某种知识理论，而是在实现人与世界的某种转化。

"Nature of Goodness":A Guiding Conception

The conception of Goodness In Mencius' philosophy is always regarded as a transcendental theory, but the author thinks that the distinction which function is but theory not criterion between the transcendental and the experiential is available only in cognitive philosophy. Mencius' philosophy of Goodness takes the critique of discussing Human nature only with logical cause as its point of departure, because the latter way aimed at some knowledge or theory which can interpret some experiential facts, not at the orientation of action which aimed at changing man and his world.