Retinal size as a determiner of the direction of size distortion in figural after-effects

When dealing with size distortions, the direction of the distortion is determined by the retinal size of the T-figure with respect to the retinal size of the I-figure. When the T-figure is retinally smaller than the I-figure it is distorted toward appearing even smaller; when it is retinally larger than the I-figure it is distorted toward appearing even larger; and when the two are retinally equal, there is no distortion. If the T-figures are too much larger or smaller than the I-figure, the distortion ceases. The traditional distance paradox is observed where the distance is defined retinally. The apparent size of the figures is irrelevant to a prediction of what sort of distortion takes place. Sutherland's hypothesis that apparent size determines the direction of distortion when retinal sizes are equated is not supported.