眼跳的研究范式及其主要认知功能

眼跳运动系统为研究者探索行为的认知控制机制提供了有力工具。已有研究发现，很多认知过程会影响不同类型眼跳任务中的眼跳参数。在系统梳理已有研究的基础上，从以下4个方面系统阐述和评价了眼跳运动的研究范式和主要认知功能：（1）视觉导向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知功能，包括空白/重叠效应、分心物效应、提示效应、学习效应等；（2）预测性眼跳的研究范式和认知控制，涉及神经生物钟理论、视空间工作记忆、指导语等；（3）记忆导向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知控制，包括分心物效应、年龄效应、视空间工作记忆的抑制效应、注意等；（4）反向眼跳的研究范式和变式及其认知控制，包括反向眼跳抑制、眼跳决策信号竞争整合模型、工作记忆容量、注意、错误监控、学习、奖励和年龄效应等。最后，结合已有研究范式对未来眼跳研究的趋势和需解决的问题进行了展望。

Research Paradigms and Cognitive Function of Saccadic Eye Movements

The saccadic eye movement system provides an important instrument to explore the cognitive control of behavior. Some studies found that many cognitive processes influenced saccade parameters. This paper introduced and reviewed the experimental paradigm and cognitive function of saccadic eye movement following four aspects. Firstly, cognitive factors in visually guided saceades include gap/overlap effects, effects of cueing, effects of distractors and learning. Secondly, cognitive factors in predictive saccades contain the theory of a neural clock, visual working memory, and instruction. Thirdly, cognitive factors in memory guided saccades include effects of distractors, inhibitory effect of spatial working memory, attention and so on. Fourthly, cognitive factors in antisaccades include inhibition of antisaccade, competitive integration of two saccadic decision signals, working memory capacity, attention, error monitoring, learning effects, and the effects of incentive. Finally, it put forward to a direction for future research and some questions that need to be resolved.