Processes underlying the cross-race effect: an investigation of holistic, featural, and relational processing of own-race versus other-race faces |
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Authors: | Mondloch Catherine J Elms Natalie Maurer Daphne Rhodes Gillian Hayward William G Tanaka James W Zhou Guomei |
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Affiliation: | Psychology Department, Brock University, 500 Glenridge Avenue, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. cmondloch@brocku.ca |
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Abstract: | Adults are often better at recognising own-race than other-race faces. Unlike previous studies that reported an own-race advantage after administering a single test of either holistic processing or of featural and relational processing, we used a cross-over design and multiple tasks to assess differential processing of faces from a familiar race versus a less familiar race. Caucasian and Chinese adults performed four tasks, each with Caucasian and Chinese faces. Two tasks measured holistic processing: the composite face task and the part/whole task. Both tasks indicated holistic processing of own-race and other-race faces that did not differ in degree. Two tasks measured featural and relational processing: the Jane/Ling task, in which same/ different judgments were made about face pairs that differed in features of their spacing, and the scrambled/blurred task, in which test faces were scrambled (isolates memory for components) or blurred (isolates memory for relations). Both tasks provided evidence of an own-race advantage in both featural and relational processing. We conclude that even when adults process other-race faces holistically, other manifestations of an own-race advantage remain. |
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