North is up(hill): Route planning heuristics in real-world environments |
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Authors: | Tad T Brunyé Caroline R Mahoney Aaron L Gardony Holly A Taylor |
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Institution: | (1) Physical Sciences Unit (MS 5433), 1201 Elmwood Parkway Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA;(2) Social Sciences Unit (MS 5411), 1201 Elmwood Parkway Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA;(3) Mapping and Automation Unit (MS 5413), 1201 Elmwood Parkway Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA |
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Abstract: | Navigators use both external cues and internal heuristics to help them plan efficient routes through environments. In six
experiments, we discover and seek the origin of a novel heuristic that causes participants to preferentially choose southern
rather than northern routes during map-based route planning. Experiment 1 demonstrates that participants who are tasked to
choose between two equal-length routes, one going generally north and one south, show reliable decision preferences toward
the southern option. Experiment 2 demonstrates that participants produce a southern preference only when instructed to adopt
egocentric rather than allocentric perspectives during route planning. In Experiments 3-5, we examined participants’ judgments
of route characteristics and found that judgments of route length and preferences for upper relative to lower path options
do not contribute to the southern route preference. Rather, the southern route preference appears to be a result of misperceptions
of increased elevation to the north (i.e., north is up). Experiment 6 further supports this finding by demonstrating that
participants provide greater time estimates for north- than for equivalent south-going routes when planning travel between
U.S. cities. Results are discussed with regard to predicting wayfinding behavior, the mental simulation of action, and theories
of spatial cognition and navigation. |
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