自然概念语义特征提取的范畴效应

本研究采用概念特征自由列举实验范式,考察三类范畴(动物、自然食物、人造物)自然概念的语义特征提取反应时间的范畴效应。结果表明,⑴语义特征提取的反应时间存在范畴效应:提取动物特征的时间显著短于提取自然食物特征的时间,提取自然食物特征的时间显著短于提取人造物特征的时间;⑵三类范畴的特征提取时间模式表现出相同的规律:先是显著降低(第1到第2个特征),然后持续升高(第2到第10个特征)。语义特征提取的范畴效应反映了语义记忆组织的范畴特异性,有必要进一步分析特征提取时间与特征类型、关联特征、独有特征之间的关系,以深入揭示语义特征提取范畴效应的产生机制。

The Category Effect on the Semantic Feature Retrieval of Natural Concepts

The researches of neuropsychology found there is a category effect on the organization of semantic memory.The present research investigated the category effect on the semantic feature retrieval of natural concepts from the three categories of animals,natural foods,and artifacts by natural concept feature listing tasks.The results showed:(a) There was a category effect on feature retrieval;the feature retrievals of animals were faster than those of natural foods,and the feature retrievals of natural foods were faster than those of artifacts;and(b) the feature retrieval times of the three categories changed in the same pattern with the first feature retrieval times longer than the second one,and with the retrieval times delaying from the second feature to the tenth feature.The category effect on the semantic feature retrieval of natural concepts might reflect category difference in the representation of semantic memory.It is useful to gain an insight into the category effect on the semantic feature retrieval of natural concepts by analyzing the relationship among retrieval time,feature types,correlated features,and distinguishing features.