大学生归因方式、气质性乐观与心理幸福感的关系

采用问卷调查的方法,对350名大学生的归因方式、气质性乐观与心理幸福感(即抑郁、生活满意度)的关系进行了研究,结果表明:(1)归因方式问卷的总分与气质性乐观、生活满意度呈显著负相关,与抑郁呈显著正相关,气质性乐观与抑郁呈显著负相关,与生活满意度呈显著正相关;(2)归因方式的自身性维度上,乐观者、悲观者的归因方式无显著性差异;持久性和整体性维度上,对可控性低水平事件的归因方式无显著性差异,对中、高水平事件,悲观者的归因方式比乐观者更悲观;(3)归因方式对抑郁、生活满意度的影响以气质性乐观为中介变量.

A Research on the Relationships among Explanatory style, Dispositional Optimism and Psychological Well-being

The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationships among explanatory style,dispositional optimism and psychological well-being(depression and the satisfaction with life).The results showed as follows:(1) Explanatory style had a` significant negative correlation with dispositional optimism and satisfaction with life,a significant positive correlation with depression.Dispositional optimism had a significant negative correlation with depression,a significant positive correlation with satisfaction with life;(2)On internality of explanatory style,optimist and pessimist had not significant differences on low,middle,and high controllable level events;On stability and globality of explanatory style,the pessimist had more pessimistic explanatory styles than the optimist when facing middle and high controllable level events,although they had not significantly different explanatory styles when facing low controllable level events;(3)Dispositional optimism was a mediated variable which could mediate the relationship between explanatory style with depression,the relationship with satisfaction with life.