儿童空间再定向能力发展的理论之争

空间再定向是指迷失方向的个体在空间中重新确定自己方位并找回迷失方向前丢失或被隐藏物体的能力.几何模块理论、适应性结合理论和视觉图像匹配理论都能够对儿童空间再定向做出一定解释,但三者之间互不相容,并存在局限:解释不了语言对整合几何和非几何信息的影响、环境空间大小和参照系选择对再定向的影响以及空间再定向中性别差异的现象.今后研究应注意实验的生态效应、空间条件的规则性、几何信息的直接性与间接性以及对三个理论的整合.

Controversies Among The Theories of Children’s Spatial Reorientation

Children’s spatial reorientation is the ability that the disorientated individuals reorient themselves and are able to find the hidden object after disorientation. Although the modular theory, the adaptive combination theory and the image-matching theory have made some explanations on children’s spatial reorientation behaviors, these three theories are incompatible with each other. Besides, all of their explanations are limited to some extent since none of them can explain the effects of language on the integration of geometric and non-geometric information, the effects of reference frame and enclosure size on children’s spatial reorientation behaviors as well as early sex differences in spatial reorientation. Future researches should take into consideration of the ecological validity of experiment condition, the regularity of the environment, the directness and indirectness of geometric information and study how to integrate these three theories.