控制还是适应:次级控制研究的两种取向

次级控制是人在控制动机受威胁时的一种应对策略,它最初被定义为个体试图适应世界,顺应形势的过程.该概念在发展中被赋予了不同的解释,产生了所谓控制取向与适应取向的分歧.这两种取向在次级控制与首要控制的关系,次级控制与控制感的关系,以及次级控制的跨文化一致性问题上存在着分歧.近年来补偿性控制模型与健康领域的次级控制研究分别在概念上和功能上提供了整合两取向的可能性.未来研究应致力于进一步整合两取向的定义,扩展其研究的视野,并通过更多地使用实验法,来加强对其影响因素的研究.

Control or Fit: Two Orientations of Secondary Control Research

Secondary control is a kind of coping strategies when we are faced with threats to our motivation for perceived control. It was first defined as an attempt to fit in with the world and to “flow with the current”. During its development, however, different explanations arose, leading to the so-called divergence of control-focus versus fit-focus orientation. The control-focus and fit-focus hold different views on the relationship between secondary control and primary control, the relationship between secondary control and perceived control, and cultural influences in secondary control. Recently Compensatory Control Model and the researches on health offer possibility to integrate the two orientations conceptually and functionally. Future research should be engaged in integrating the definition further, extending our research fields, as well as exploring its influential factors by an increasing use of experimental methods.