老化刻板印象研究现状及展望

老化刻板印象是人们对老年人所持有的观念与预期,它能显著影响老化刻板印象持有者的生理功能、认知功能和行为结果。现有研究主要集中在老化刻板印象的机制、影响因素和中介变量方面。研究发现,老化刻板印象是通过内化形成的,刻板印象威胁理论和自我刻板化是解释老化刻板印象的两种作用机制。认知加工过程中的抑制能力、情境和文化差异是影响老化刻板印象的主要因素,而老化自我知觉和刻板期望则是老化刻板印象影响效果变量的中介因素。未来研究除了要继续探讨意识水平、情境因素、个体特征对老化刻板印象的影响以及老化刻板印象对不同年龄群体影响的特点以外,还应关注中介和干预研究,并进一步加强跨文化研究。

Review and Prospect of Aging Stereotype

The aging stereotype, which refers to the perception and the expectation pointing to old individuals, can significantly affect holder's physiological and cognition functions as well as behavior performances. Existing researches mainly focus on the potential mechanism, mediators and influence factors of aging stereotype. It is assumed that aging stereotype is formed through the process of internalization; Stereotype Threat Theory and Self-Stereotyping are the two main theories in explaining the aging stereotype effects. Inhibition ability, context situation as well as cultural differences are among the main factors influence the aging stereotype; Aging self-perception and stereotypic expectancy are the mediators of the aging stereotype. Future research should focus on the effect of different level of consciousness, context situation, individual characteristics on aging stereotypes and the effect of characteristics of aging stereotype on different age group. Potential mediators, intervention and cross-cultural study should also included.