发展性面孔失认的认知机制及其神经基础

发展性面孔失认症是指个体在童年期就开始表现出来的一种终生性面孔识别缺陷,其不能归因于智力衰退、情感障碍、物体识别困难以及后天性脑损伤.发展性面孔失认症涉及的认知机制包括面孔特异性机制、构型加工障碍、面孔探测、面孔记忆和面孔身份识别.此外,该面孔失认症的神经网络由核心神经网络和延伸的神经网络组成,前者与面孔选择反应和记忆表征有关,后者主要负责面孔知识表征、面孔长时记忆和面孔工作记忆.今后的研究应集中在完善延伸的神经网络、拓展其认知网络；进一步明确面孔探测与发展性面孔失认之间的关系;考察发展性面孔失认症的基因基础、加强其发展性研究以及推动康复工作的展开.

Cognitive Mechanism and Neural Mechanism of Developmental Prosopagnosia

Developmental prosopagnosia is characterized by severely impaired face recognition, which has no intellectual deterioration, affective disorder, difficulty of object recognition, history of brain damage. The cognitive mechanism involving in developmental prosopagnosia includes the face-specific mechanisms, the disorder of configural processing, the face detection, the face memory deficits and the facial identity recognition. The neural network of developmental prosopagnosia involves the core network and the extended network. The core network associates with facial selective responses and memory representation, while the extended network is responsible for the facial knowledge representation and the facial memory. The future research should develop the extended network and cognitive mechanism, focus on the association of face detection with developmental prosopagnosia, inspect the genetic mechanisms of it, and enhance the developmental study and rehabilitation work of it.