Tenth Bartlett memorial lecture. Simula and torsrealism

The objectives of simulation are discussed on the basis of training in procedures or neuromuscular skills, and in relation to the amount of realism required. Motion sickness arising from inadequate co-ordination of visual and motion cues, is considered in relation to fixed and moving base simulators. In the perception of distance and size, the role of ocular convergence is discussed and an experimental approach suggested. The mentally stressful effects of increased responsibility, as robots enable the operator to extend his output, are discussed in relation to its covert symptomatology and to advanced flight concepts.