Prenatal exposure to sex hormones predicts gratitude intervention use. Examination of digit ratio,motivational beliefs,and online activities |
| |
| Affiliation: | 1. Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland;2. George Mason University, United States;1. School of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China;2. School of Computer and Communication, Hunan Institute of Engineering, China;3. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China;1. University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada;2. GreenField Ethanol Inc., Chatham, Ontario N7M 5J4, Canada;1. Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA;2. Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA;3. Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;4. Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital Providence, RI, USA;5. Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;6. Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA;7. Department of Radiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Men are less grateful than women and less likely to intentionally enhance gratitude via interventions. Yet, little is known if sex differences in gratitude result from biological influences such as prenatal testosterone and estrogen levels – hormones that control the development of sex-specific characteristics. In two studies, we examined how sex and second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) – an indicator of prenatal sex hormones exposure – predicts gratitude intervention use. In the first study, we tested whether lower 2D:4D (i.e., higher masculinization) would suppress gratitude intervention use. Contrary to expectations, after controlling for sex, women and men with more male-type fingers were more motivated and likely to complete the intervention. In the second study, we replicated these findings using a larger sample and different 2D:4D metric. Our research suggests that motivation towards gratitude interventions is facilitated by female sex and masculinity. These findings provide initial evidence for the biological grounding of individual differences in gratitude behavior. |
| |
| Keywords: | Gratitude Hormones Digit ratio 2D:4D Sex differences |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
