We are, therefore they aren’t: Ingroup construal as a standard of comparison for outgroup judgments |
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Authors: | Bertram Gawronski Galen V Bodenhausen |
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Institution: | a Department of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, Social Science Centre, London, Ont., Canada N6A 5C2 b Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 2029 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL 60208-2710, USA c Department of Psychology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK |
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Abstract: | Five studies tested the assumptions: (a) that ingroups are habitually used as a standard of comparison for outgroup judgments, and (b) that outgroup judgments are generally contrasted away from a momentary construal of the ingroup. Results generally support these assumptions. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated increased activation levels of ingroup knowledge as a result of corresponding outgroup judgments. Experiments 3 and 4 showed that outgroup judgments depend not only on cognitively accessible outgroup exemplars, but also on accessible ingroup exemplars. Finally, Experiment 5 demonstrated that the impact of accessible ingroup exemplars on outgroup judgments is mediated by changes in the construal of the ingroup, such that: (a) outgroups were judged lower with regard to a given trait the higher participants perceived their ingroup with regard to that trait, and (b) controlling for the effect of ingroup construal attenuated the obtained effects on outgroup judgments. |
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