经济人信念:自利与理性的特点及其不同作用

在新冠肺炎疫情期间,调查分析了1074名普通民众的经济人信念特点,及其对三类心理行为(自利取向的变量:物质主义;社会取向的变量:财富价值观、财经伦理观、关系投资、捐赠行为、一般信任;中性变量:自由市场理念、主观幸福感)的影响。结果发现:(1)经济人信念的自利与理性两个维度相对独立;(2)男性在自利与理性维度上的得分均高于女性,学历越高自利水平越低;(3)在强度和方向上,自利与理性两个维度对研究涉及的心理行为有不同的预测能力,例如,自利与理性能够正向预测物质主义,自利能够负向预测所有社会取向的变量,理性对各变量的影响具有不一致性;(4)以自利与理性为外显变量的聚类分析将被试分为三类:低自利高理性的温情型经济人、中自利中理性的温和型经济人、高自利高理性的冷酷型经济人,三类人在心理行为变量上均存在显著差异。

Homo Economicus Belief:The Characteristics of Selfishness and Rationality and Their Roles Indifferent Mentalities and Behaviors

During the epidemic of COVID-19,the homo economicus belief and a series of dependent variables of 1074 Chinese were investigated.The dependent variables were divided into one of three categories:variables of self-interest orientation(i.e.material values);variables of social orientation which contained wealth values,financial ethics values,willingness of relationship investment,willingness of donating,and general trust;and neutral variables such as free-market ideology and subjective well-being.The results showed that(1)the two dimensions of homo economicus belief,i.e.selfishness and rationality,were relatively independent;(2)men exhibited higher levels of selfishness and rationality than women,and higher levels of education were associated with lower levels of selfishness;(3)there were differences in the predictive validities of selfishness and rationality,for example,both selfishness and rationality positively predicting material values,and selfishness negatively predicting all variables of social orientation;(4)a cluster analysis of participants'responses in the scale of homo economicus revealed that participants exhibited one of three classes:warm homo economicus(low in selfishness and high in rationality),moderate homo economicus(moderate in both selfishness and rationality),or cold homo economicus(high in both selfishness and rationality).