Gender differences in the correlates of preschoolers' behavior

This study is concerned with the nature of gender differences in 4-year-olds. In each of three replications, 18–21 girls and 20–22 boys (all white) were observed at home and school. Temperamental characteristics were assessed and (in one replication) a self-concept instrument was used. Gender differences in the frequencies of particular types of interaction were few and inconsistent across replications. There were, however, consistent gender differences in the correlations between characteristics and aspects of behavior. For instance, boys tended to be less consistent across situations in showing hostility, and to mix positive and negative interactions more, than girls. Mothers' use of Strong Control had different correlates in boys and girls. It is suggested that such differences in relations between measures may provide the raw material from which later gender differences develop.