基于日常经验取向的责任心理结构研究

基于日常经验取向，运用理论建构和深度访谈的方法，研究责任的心理结构以及责任情境的认知特征。对207名被试访谈研究的结果表明：（1）责任是人们频繁感知和体验到的一种社会心理现象；（2）人们体察到的责任情境，在职业活动和个人生活领域存在类型上的差异；（3）在职业活动中，人们更倾向于将责任归因于他人，而在个人生活中更倾向于归因于自己；（4）人们对责任情境性质的判定与责任事件最终能否达到预期目标有关；（5）责任心理结构共由情境起因、自我效能、成就感、内外动机等20个核心要素构成；（6）责任心理结构是一个由责任认知、责任情感和责任行为三者构成的一元单向决定模式。

The Mental Framework of Responsibility:An Everyday-Experience Approach Study

Responsibility is a social and cultural phenomenon,as well as a mental and behavioral phenomenon.To analyze and enquire the psychological law of responsibility from the viewpoint of social psychology is of profound theoretical and practical significance.Western and Chinese psychologists attach great importamce to the task about the mental framework of responsibility.However,according to Auhagen A.(2001),most of their methods are short of ecological validity.Based on an everyday-experience approach,this paper explored the mental framework of responsibility and several other issues related to responsibility situations.On the basis of stratified sampling,207 participants from Shanghai,Nanjing,Xi’an and Xining participated in the research.Open-ended and close-ended interviews were used in the study.In the open-ended interviews,each participant was asked to recollect and describe two personally experienced responsibility situations or occurrences which happened in recent days.And one of the responsibility situations or occurrences happened in their work or study;the other occurred in their personal life.The content that the participants described involved the time when the situation occurred its origin,procedure and result;in addition,the participants were asked to measure whether the responsibility situation or occurrence was positive or negative to themselves.In the close-ended interviews,both methods consisted of theoretical construction and the explorative factor analysis(EFA) were used and 31 items associated with cognition,emotion and behavior of sibility were extracted.According to the items,a Responsibility Close-ended Interviews Questionnaire(RCIQ) was developed.Then the participants responded RCIQ in accordance with the responsibility situations or occurrences which they had recollected and described in the open-ended interviews.Statistics analysis was made by SPSS 11.0 and AMOS 4.The former was used to get the cognition characteristics of responsibility situation and responsibility mental factors;the latter was used to construct the mental framework of responsibility with Confirmatory Factor Analysis(CFA).We obtained the following results and conclusions:(1) Responsibility is a social phenomenon experienced continually by people in everyday life.(2) The kind of responsibility situation recalled by an interviewer is different in private and professional life:the former focuses on interrelation,whereas the latter focuses on performing duty.(3) In professional life,the causation of the situation tends to be attributed to other people;but in private life,it is often attributed to oneself.(4) The judgment of a responsibility situation depends upon whether the results of the situation fit one’s expectation.(5) The mental factors of responsibility consist of 20 primary elements,such as causation of the situation,self-efficacy,the sense of achievement,and inner motive.EFA showed there were 20 main factors accounting for 68.72% of the total variance.(6) The mental framework of responsibility which is made up of responsibility cognition,responsibility emotion and responsibility conduct forms a one-way operating pattern.CFA showed that the fit indices,such as AGFI,CFI and NNFI,were all over.95.