肾源交换计划

肾源交换计划的目的是尽可能减少活体肾移植中配型不成功造成的肾源损失，缓解肾脏供求矛盾，使更多的患者得到合适的肾脏。该计划已在许多国家实施且颇具成效。本文主要介绍肾源交换计划的概念、分类和他国的实施经验，分析可能涉及的伦理问题，总结他国取得的成效，并就肾源交换计划在我国实施的可行性进行探讨。

Kidney Exchange Program

With the number of patients on the waiting list of kidney transplantation increasing rapidly, the conflict between the supply and demand of kidneys is becoming sharper. The rapid development of living donor kidney transplantation has lightened the pressure on the demand for deceased donor kidneys. However, many donors cannot donate kidneys to their intended recipients because of incompatibility due to blood type or positive cross-match, resulting in significant losses to the kidney pool. In order to minimize this occurrence, many countries have initiated kidney exchange programs, to expand the kidney pool and find compatible kidneys for more patients. This article introduces the concept, classification and practices of the kidney exchange program, analysis potential ethic problems, and summarizes the results. Learning from the experiences of kidney exchange programs in other countries will be of great significance to increasing kidney transplantations in our country.