Guilty,free, and wise: Determinism and psychopathy diminish learning from negative emotions |
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| Authors: | Tyler F Stillman Roy F Baumeister |
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| Institution: | 1. Western Parana State University, Rua Bahia, 470, ap 01., 85605-270 Francisco Beltrão, PR, Brazil;2. Goldsmiths, University of London, WB200/3 Department of Psychology, Lewisham Way, London SE14 6NW, UK;1. Research Unit of the Cognitive-Behavioral Research and Intervention Center, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua do Colégio Novo, 3001-802 Coimbra, Portugal;2. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama, Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348, United States;1. College of Education, Dali University, Dali, China;2. School of Sociology and Psychology, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China;3. Department of Applied Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China;4. Research Center of Psychological Development and Application, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, China;5. The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab for Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China;6. Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China |
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| Abstract: | Emotional experiences can bring about personal growth. For instance, feeling guilty may prompt one to learn from a mistake, and this learning can bring about different and better future behavior. Three studies found that belief in free will facilitated learning from emotional experiences, as inducing participants to disbelieve in free will was associated with reduced learning. Emotional responsiveness, as defined by low psychopathy scores, also facilitated learning from emotional experiences (Studies 2 and 3). The degree of learning associated with emotional experiences was measured by self-rating (Study 1), independent evaluations of lessons learned (Study 2), and whether participants joined a campus recycling program (after being made to feel guilty about an environmental transgression; Study 3). |
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