提取方式对相继记忆效应的影响

采用学习－测验（自由回忆和再认）研究范式和事件相关电位方法，研究图形的相继记忆效应（Dm效应）。14名大学生作为研究被试，根据其测验成绩将图片分为记住和未记住两类，对相应编码过程的ERPs进行分析。结果表明：⑴行为上，再认的平均击中率显著高于自由回忆；⑵脑电活动上，在刺激出现后400~700ms编码过程中记住项目的ERPs更正于未记住项目的ERPs；同时两种测验方式Dm效应的脑区分布不同，自由回忆主要分布在额区，再认主要分布在中央区和顶区，且在500~600ms自由回忆有左侧优势。这些结果表明，两种提取方式对Dm效应有不同的影响，这一结果预示自由回忆和再认的编码过程可能有不同的神经生理机制。

THE INFLUENCE OF RETRIEVAL FORMAT ON SUBSEQUENT MEMORY EFFECT

An experiment was conducted to examine the subsequent memory (Dm) effect of pictures. Fourteen graduates engaged in our experiment. In the present experiment, subjects viewed pictures of common objects under incidental learning conditions in which each picture required a two-choice decision based on semantic criteria (animal/nonanimal). Memory for those pictures was subsequently assessed by a free recall test and then a recognition test. Subjects were asked to recall the name of the pictures as many as possible in the free recall test. In recognition test, old pictures were mixed with new ones and subjects judged whether each picture was new or old. Data analysis indicated that：（1）Mean percent correct on recognition test was higher than on free recall test.（2）During encoding phase, Over the 400~700ms latency range, responses to remembered pictures were positive relative to responses of forgotten pictures. This Dm primarily distributed at frontal for free recall test and at central for recognition test. As a result, for Dm effect retrieval format is an important influence factor, and it was possible free recall and recognition rely on the different neurocognitive system.