病原生物信息跨国共享的伦理困境及解决措施

面对大流行风险，完善病原生物信息的国际共享是维护全球卫生安全、促进卫生发展、完善卫生伦理规则的基础性议题领域，也是推进全球卫生治理制度化建设的合作基石。详细地梳理了目前病原生物信息跨国共享机制的主要运行模式，分析了该机制存在的共享技术鸿沟、共享收益失衡、共享规则模糊、共享观念分裂等方面的伦理困境，并从聚合卫生技术资源、融合卫生治理协调机制、完善惠益分享制度规则、整合治理观念等方面提出了破解这些伦理困境的路径选择。

Ethical Dilemmas and Solutions of Transnational Sharing of Pathogen Data

Confronting the risks of pandemics, transnational sharing of pathogen data is a fundamental issue for safeguarding global health security, promoting health development and improving health ethics rules. It is also a cornerstone for advancing the institutionalized construction of global health governance. This article provides a detailed examination of the main operational models of the current mechanism for transnational sharing of pathogen data. It analyzes the ethical dilemmas within this mechanism, including the technological gap, imbalanced sharing benefits, ambiguous sharing rules, and divided sharing concepts. The paper puts forward path selections to solve these ethical dilemmas, from the aspects of aggregating health technology resources, integrating health governance coordination mechanism, perfecting benefit-sharing system rules, to integrating governance concepts.