辅助生殖技术应用的女权主义理解及启示

女权主义对辅助生殖技术的态度虽然复杂多变，但其中存在三种明显的倾向：拒绝技术、接纳技术以及一种调和的中间立场，它典型地体现在第二波女权主义、第三波女权主义以及女权主义最近的“物质转向”上。这三次对辅助生殖技术的回应，反映了女权主义科学技术研究的思想进展，尤其是其“物质转向”，超越了生物本质主义和社会建构主义之间的二元对立，将辅助生殖技术置于自然−文化、物质−话语系统进行分析，并思考其中存在的伦理和政治问题，这对思考辅助生殖技术的应用具有重要的启发意义。

Feminist Understanding and Enlightenment of the Application of Assisted Reproductive Technologies

Although feminist attitudes towards assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) are complex and not static, there are three distinct tendencies: rejection of technology, acceptance of technology and a conciliatory middle ground, respectively expressed in feminist Second Wave, Third Wave and resent "material turn". These three responses to ARTs reflect the ideological progress of feminist science and technology study. In particular, its "material turn", beyond the dual oppositions between biological essentialism and social constructivism, tends to analyze the ARTs in the natural-cultural and material-discoursal system and think about the ethical and political issues in it. This understanding will have some important enlightening significances for our thinking of ARTs.