当代医学伦理学的四种研究进路及其反思

当代中国医学伦理学尚未形成统一的学科范式，但主要有四种研究进路：应用伦理学进路、经验主义进路、道德教育进路和生命伦理学进路。这四种进路在学术界占据着主导地位，构成了医学伦理学的基本知识图景。但是任何未经反思的知识前提都是不可靠的，需要从本体论、知识论和价值论的层面对它们进行认真的反思，以构建更加科学和系统的理论体系。在本体论上，需要考虑伦理学概念的本质属性及其与医学实践的联系。在知识论上，需要质疑伦理理论和具体应用之间的适用性和相关性。在价值论上，需要考虑伦理学研究和实践中所涉及的价值取向。

Four Research Approaches on Contemporary Medical Ethics and Their Reflections

Contemporary medical ethics in China has not yet formed a unified disciplinary paradigm, but there are mainly four different research approaches: the applied ethics approach, the empiricism approach, the moral education approach, and the bioethics approach. These four approaches dominate the academic field and constitute the basic knowledge framework of medical ethics. However, any unreflective knowledge premise is unreliable. We need to critically reflect on them from the ontological, epistemological, and axiological levels to construct a more scientific and systematic theoretical system. On the ontological level, we need to consider the essential attributes of ethical concepts and their connection with medical practice. On the epistemological level, we need to question the applicability and relevance of ethical theories and specific applications. On the axiological level, we need to consider the value orientation involved in ethical research and practice.