论“大流行病条约”的道义实现

审查世界卫生组织订立法律文书的可选择类型，并比较《烟草控制框架公约》与《国际卫生条例》的立法路径后，发现国际卫生法若采用封闭型路径立法会存在道义实现瑕疵的问题。通过对开放型立法路径的价值阐明，“大流行病条约”构建参与人开放机制具有适宜性；延展义务约束的范围可提供确定性；采用固定的义务约束与协商的义务约束构建多层面的产能保留机制可实现全球卫生治理政治价值与伦理价值的共融。“大流行病条约”最终需要设立共同原则，以获得共同的认识、使命与行动，进而实现自身的道义目标。

Analysis on the Moral Realization of a "Pandemic Treaty"

This paper examines the types of legal documents that the World Health Organization can choose to establish and, after comparing the legislative paths of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control and The International Health Regulations, identifies ethical deficiencies in a closed legislative path for international health law. By elucidating the values of an open legislative path, it argues that a "Pandemic Treaty" with an inclusive mechanism for participant involvement is appropriate. Expanding the scope of binding obligations can enhance certainty, and constructing a multi-tiered capacity reservation mechanism through the use of fixed and negotiated binding obligations can achieve the harmonization of political and ethical values in global health governance. Therefore, the "Pandemic Treaty" needs to formulate common principles with shared understanding, mission, and action, thereby realizing its moral goals ultimately.