疫病与外交：清末民初华洋互动视域下的瘟疫防治

瘟疫贯穿人类历史发展始终。近代以降，由于列强势力深入中国各地，围绕瘟疫防治而产生的华洋互动日趋频繁。一方面，外侨主导的防疫事业引发了中国社会各阶层收回防疫主权的外交诉求；另一方面，列强以防疫之名行侵略之实的行为使得华洋之间围绕国权展开了艰难博弈。在此过程之中，近代中国政府通过完善其行政能力，更有力地介入到防疫领域的管理中，推动了防疫事业的制度化发展，并以外交的方式维护公共卫生领域的国权，从而在应对公共卫生事件中逐步走向成熟。

Epidemic Disease and Diplomacy: Prevention and Control of Plague from the Perspective of Sino-Foreign Interaction in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Early Republic of China

Plagues occur throughout human history from time to time. Since modern times, foreign powers had penetrated into various parts of China, the interaction around the plague prevention and control between China and foreign powers became frequent. On the one hand, the epidemic prevention led by foreigners triggered the diplomatic appeal of all walks of Chinese society to regain the sovereignty of epidemic prevention. On the other hand, the aggression of foreign powers in the name of epidemic prevention caused power struggle of sovereignty between China and foreign powers. In this process, the modern Chinese government gradually matured in responding to public health incidents by improving its administrative capacity, more effectively involving in the management of epidemic prevention, promoting the institutionalized development of epidemic prevention, and safeguarding national rights in the field of public health in a diplomatic manner.