共享方式：人源类器官所涉身体交换的伦理适用

国际学界中，身体交换存在礼物、财产和商品三种传统方式。传统方式主张将身体归为“主体”或“客体”，进而相应采用礼物、财产或商品方式解决身体交换问题。共享方式则将身体视为共享资源，强调通过平等协商来谋求共享各方的权利与责任、利益与负担之间的平衡。由人体组织培养而成的人源类器官，兼具有“类主体”和“类客体”属性，可能模糊主客体边界，甚至跨越“客体”进入“主体”范畴，因而所涉身体交换不适用传统方式。相较而言，采用共享方式虽不必然确保共享各方权责的公正分配，但却是一种有价值的尝试。

Shared Mode: Ethical Application of Body Exchange Involving Human Organoids

There are three traditional modes of body exchange in international academia: gift, property and commodity. The classic mode with respect to human body believes that body can be regarded as either "subject" or "object", thus employing a gift, property or commodity mode to deal with body exchange practices. The shared mode regards the body as shared resource, emphasizing the search for a balance between the rights and responsibilities, interests and burdens of all parties to be shared through equal consultation. Derived from human tissues, human organoids, which have "subject-like" and "object-like" attributes, may blur the boundaries between "subject" and "object", or even go beyond the frame of "object" into the "subject" category, so the traditional modes of gift/property/commodity are not applicable for body exchange involving human organoids. In contrast, though the shared mode does not necessarily ensure a fair distribution of rights and responsibilities among the sharing parties, it is a valuable attempt.