合成生物技术伴生风险的刑法规制

合成生物技术的开发和应用潜藏着较大的生物安全风险，既有因人类认知局限而生的客观风险，又有人为故意或过失引发的主观风险。面对合成生物技术对生物安全的严重威胁，现行刑法仅依托零散的相关罪名间接应对，存在针对性不足、规范留有漏洞、事后回应迟延等问题。应对合成生物技术伴生风险需要引入提前预防的理念，这是国家总体安全观的基本要求，也是积极刑法观的自然演绎，更是治理合成生物技术伴生风险的实践需要。具体而言，应以体系性规范取代间接性规制，以事前预防取代事后回应，并借助比例原则防范处罚早期化后出现的制度风险。

Criminal Law Response to the Risks Associated with Synthetic Biotechnology

The development and application of synthetic biotechnology has great potential biosecurity risks, including both objective risks caused by cognitive limitations and subjective risks caused by human intent or negligence. In the face of the serious threat of synthetic biotechnology to biosecurity, the current criminal law only relies on scattered related charges to deal with it indirectly. Certain problems are exposed, such as insufficient pertinence, loopholes in norms, and delays in responding. To deal with the risks associated with synthetic biotechnology, it is necessary to introduce the concept of early prevention, which is the basic requirement of the national overall security concept, the natural deduction of the positive criminal law concept, and the practical need to control the risks associated with synthetic biotechnology. Specifically, indirect regulation should be replaced by systematic norms, ex ante risk control should be applied to replace ex post response, and the principle of proportionality should be used to prevent institutional risks arising after early punishment.