明清文本对痨病病人社会形象的建构

痨病作为一种慢性传染性疾病，其在明清时的社会形象不仅与今日不同，且在不同文本中的形象亦有差别。既有辛劳过度、内心抑郁难解、感情忠贞不二等正面形象，又有会传染给他人、需要常年被照顾、纵欲过度等负面形象。明清医学认为痨病的病因多样，且痨病的传染性有其独特的传染逻辑，使得多样的痨病病人形象成为可能。通过对明清不同文本中痨病病人形象的解构，认为书写者在书写文本时，自由选择了更能凸显其书写目的的痨病病人形象。这也启示我们，今日应当破除笼罩在病人周围的重重意义之网，关心病人的疾痛和体验。

The Construction of the Social Image of Tuberculosis Patients in Ming and Qing Dynasty Texts

As a chronic infectious disease, the social images of tuberculosis in the Ming and Qing dynasties were not only different from today, but also diverse in different texts. There were both positive images such as overwork, inner depression, and emotional loyalty, as well as negative images that are contagious to others, need to be cared for all year round, and excessive indulgence. The etiologies of tuberculosis are diverse, and the contagiousness of tuberculosis has its own unique infectious logic, which makes it possible to have a variety of images of tuberculosis patients. Through the deconstruction of the images of tuberculosis patients in different texts of Ming and Qing Dynasties, this paper argues that the writers freely chose the images of tuberculosis patients that can better highlight their writing purposes. This also enlightens us that we should break the web of meaning that hangs around patients and care about their suffering and experience.