墨家逻辑推理模式的新解释

墨家是先秦诸多学派之一,墨家逻辑也是中国古代本土逻辑思想的典范之一。墨子及其后学创立了中国思想史上第一个＂以名举实,以辞舒意,以说出故＂的墨家逻辑体系,成为中国古代逻辑思想发展的优秀代表。墨家逻辑的主要推理模式包括：＂辟＂、＂侔＂、＂援＂、＂推＂等。墨家逻辑思想的研究开启了中国逻辑思想研究的先河,墨家逻辑思想研究是中国逻辑思想研究的核心内容之一。国际逻辑学界对作为非印—欧语言系统的中国逻辑的关注,显示了中国逻辑独立存在的价值。今天的中国逻辑思想研究处于现代逻辑发展与中国现代文化发展的交汇点上,需要我们从逻辑和中国文化的角度来研究中国逻辑思想。用逻辑的一般特性来分析墨家逻辑,依据工具性、形式性和有效性这三个方面,是解释墨家逻辑的一个新角度。

A New Interpretation of Reasoning Patterns in Mohist Logic

Mohist logic, which was developed in Pre-Qin period, is one of the richest examples of ancient Chinese logic. Mozi and his students constructed the first approach to Chinese logic which is based on the idea of ＂representing objects with names, expressing meaning with propositions, and providing causes with reasons （以名举实,以辞舒意,以说出故）＂. The reasoning patterns of Mohist logic consists of Pi （辟）, Mou （侔）, Yuan （援） and Tui （推）, etc.In this paper, base on the previous research achievements, I will give a new explanation from the point of view of the general character of logical thought. The study on Mohist logic was thebeginning of the study on Chinese logical thought, the study on Mohist logic is one of the core component of the study of Chinese logic. The attention of the international academic community to Chinese logic as a non-Indo-European system shows its values as an independentsubject. Contemporary studies of Chinese logical thought are at an intersection between Chinese logic and culture, so it is from these two perspectives that we must study it. It is a new method to study Mohist logic by using the general properties of logic： logic is a tool, is formal,and it concerned with validity.