在家庭自由游戏和智力任务游戏中亲子交往行为特征

本研究采用家庭录像观察,考察了53名4岁儿童及其父母在自然的家庭环境中的两个情境———自由游戏和完成拼图任务的智力游戏情境中儿童与其父母交往的行为特征和互动类型。结果发现:(1)在儿童4岁时,在家庭自由游戏情境中母亲的各种行为均显著多于父亲的各种行为,这表明在游戏过程中,母亲是儿童主要的交往对象。在拼图游戏情境中,除了父亲和母亲在商量和交流行为上没有显著差异之外,母亲的其他行为显著多于父亲的其他行为。儿童在这两个游戏情境中均表现出较多的顺从行为。(2)在自由游戏情境中,亲子互动类型包括四种:父母交流-儿童不交流型、母亲高控-儿童顺从型、父亲控制-儿童不顺从型和母亲不交流-儿童交流型。拼图游戏情境中,亲子互动类型有四种:父母放任-儿童独立型、父母控制-儿童顺从型、母子交流型和父亲控制-儿童顺从型。

The Characteristics and Types of Parent-Child Interaction in Family Free Play and Intelligence-Task-Oriented Play

In the present study,home visit by videotape including free play session and copy-model session was carried out when these children were four years old.The characteristics and types of parent-child interaction in the two sessions and their relationships with the development of behavioral inhibit ion from two years old to seven years old were explored.The findings are follows:(1) In free play session and copy-model session at home,the behavioral frequency of mother is more than that of father,which indicated that mother is the major interactive person of children.In the two play sessions at home,Chinese children displayed more compliant behaviors.(2) There is significant differences in the father cs behaviors,mothercs behaviors and childrencs behaviors between in the free play session and in the copy-model session.Mothers significantly displayed less high-power,low-power,communication and non-communication in the copy-model session than those in the free play session.For fathers,except non-communication,the other behaviors in the free play session are significantly more than those in the copy-model session.The childrenc's behaviors including compliance,noncompliance,communication and non-communication in the copy-model session are significantly less in the copy-model session than those in the free play session.(3) In free play session,parent-child interaction is classified as four types:Parent communicat ion-child non-communication,mother high-power) child compliance,father control-child noncompliance,and mother non-communication-child communicat ion.In copy-model session,parent-child interact ion is classified as four types:parent permission-child independence,parent control-child compliance,mother-child communication and father control-child compliance.