具身心理治疗:原理与技术

具身心理治疗是以身体心理治疗、舞动治疗为代表的,理论上契合具身认知观点、实践中注重身体作用的一种当代心理治疗取向。它将"身体"与"躯体"区分开来,赋予身体解剖学的、感觉运动的、认知的与嵌入环境等不同层面的意义。当前,已有不少研究证实身体有助于改善治疗关系,促进来访者认知、情绪的改变,并发展出一系列注重身体内外感知、姿势或运动的非言语治疗技术。具身心理治疗重构了身体在治疗过程中的概念与角色,发展了新的技术,是传统心理治疗的有益补充;但也存在实证证据不足、理论框架尚未完全整合、容易过分强调身体作用等问题。今后需自觉整合其他治疗流派、开发独特的核心技术,推进循证的具身心理治疗的发展。

Embodied Psychotherapy:Principles and Techniques

Embodied psychotherapy is represented by body psychotherapy and dance movement psychotherapy,which theoretically conforms to embodied cognition and uses body as an important way to promote the outcome of psychotherapy.It distinguishes “soma” from “body” and gives meaning to “body” at four levels:anatomical body,sensorimotor body,cognitive body and body embedded in the environment.At present,more and more researches have confirmed that using body techniques can change client’s cognition and emotion,and improve the therapeutic relationship between clients and therapists.Embodied psychotherapy has developed a series of non-verbal techniques that focus on client’s interoception,exteroreception,posture or movement.It reconstructs the concept and role of the body in psychotherapy and develops some new therapeutic techniques.However,there are also some problems such as insufficient empirical evidence,controversial theory basic,and over-emphasis on the role of the body.In the future,it is necessary to consciously integrate other psychotherapy schools,develop unique techniques and do more empirical researches about embodied psychotherapy.