延迟满足情境中2岁儿童对行为的自我控制能力和延迟策略的使用

以2岁儿童为被试,探讨其在延迟满足情境中的自我控制能力发展的状况。结果表明:(1)2岁儿童已具有一定程度的自我控制能力,个体差异显著,性别差异不显著;(2)2岁儿童已能使用一定的延迟策略,包括问题解决、分心、寻求安慰、消极等待、寻求他人帮助、回避等,其中使用频率最高的是分心策略;(3)不同的策略对延迟时间有着不同的影响;(4)儿童对策略的使用不会因延迟满足情境的不同而出现显著差异。

The Ability of Self-control to Behaviors of 2-Year-Olds: Delay of Gratification Paradigm

This study examined the ability of self control of Chinese 2 year old in delay of gratification paradigm. 2 year olds already had some ability of self control, and the individual difference was significant though the gender difference was not. They also had already been able to use some kind of delay strategies, such as distraction, looking for comfort, passive waiting, seeking help and avoidance, in which the distraction was the most popular one. Different strategies had different contribution to the delay time. And 2 year olds could use same strategies in different situations.