知识向技能转化的影响因素

将知识向技能的转化过程分为 :陈述性编码阶段、程序性编码阶段 ,并假设存在一些因素影响陈述性编码向程序性编码的转化过程 ,控制好这些关键因素将有利于提高教学质量。为证明此假设 ,设计了四个实验。实验一、二结果表明 ,发现学习和接受学习中原有知识水平、概念地图策略等因素显著影响陈述性编码阶段 ;实验三、四结果表明 ,发现学习和接受学习中变式练习、解题策略指导等因素显著影响程序性编码阶段 ,对以上实验数据的再分析得出这两阶段存在明显的相互制约关系 ,根据以上结论和 E.D.Gagne的信息加工模型 ,构建了一个智慧技能获得的信息加工模型。

Factors Affecting the Transformation of Knowledge into Skill

The transformation of knowledge into skill takes two stages: declarative encoding (DE) stage and procedural encoding (PE) stage. Four experiments were conducted to explore the mechenisms of these two stages using discovery learning (DL) task and reception learning (RL) task. The results of experiment 1 and 2 indicated that prior knowledge , concept mapping strategy had significant effect on the process of DE of DL and RL tasks. While in the experiment 3 and 4, variant examples, problem solving strategy guidance influenced significantly the process of PE of DL and RL tasks. In all of the four experiments, there was a significant interaction between the two stages. Based on these findings as well as E. D. Gage's information processing model, an information processing model of the acquisition of intellectual skills was proposed.