测试效应：致力于有效学习的基础研究

学习与记忆研究领域关于测试效应的研究重新审视了“测试”的作用。测试除了是衡量学习程度的工具，它对学习的作用相当于甚至大于同等时间的“学习”；相对于重复学习，测试使学习者对学习的元认知判断更准确；学习过程中的自我测试虽然可能延缓学习的进程，但却可促进有效学习。课堂小测或培养学生自我测试策略有助于其知识更好地保持于长时记忆中。

Testing Effect:One Basic Research Project Aiming At Efficient Learning

Interest in the benefits of retrieval practice for subsequent memory has increased dramatically in recent years due to important implications for student learning and scholarship.A wealth of research has indicated that retrieval practice can be used not only as a means to assess memory but as an effective means to improve memory,which is the so-called testing effect.Tests enhance later retention more than the additional study of the material,even when tests are given without feedback.Cramming(repeatedly rea...