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A dual-route perspective on eye movements of dyslexic readers |
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| Authors: | Stefan Hawelka Benjamin Gagl Heinz Wimmer |
| Institution: | 1. Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei 112, Taiwan, ROC;2. Laboratories for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC;3. Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, National Central University, No. 300, Jhongda Road, Jhongli City, Taoyuan County 32001, Taiwan, ROC;4. The Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica, No. 128, Sec. 2, Academia Road, Taipei, 115, Taiwan, ROC;1. Laboratoire d’Étude des Mécanismes Cognitifs (EMC), Université de Lyon 2, 69676 Bron cedex, France;2. Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Université Blaise Pascal and CNRS, 63037 Clermont-Ferrand, France;1. Communicative Sciences and Disorders, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA;2. Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China;3. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA;4. Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China;1. Laboratory of Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Rac?awickie 14, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;2. Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Pedagogy and Psychology, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin, Pl. Litewski 5, 20-080 Lublin, Poland |
| Abstract: | This study assessed eye movement abnormalities of adolescent dyslexic readers and interpreted the findings by linking the dual-route model of single word reading with the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control during silent sentence reading. A dysfunction of the lexical route was assumed to account for a reduced number of words which received only a single fixation or which were skipped and for the increased number of words with multiple fixations and a marked effect of word length on gaze duration. This pattern was interpreted as a frequent failure of orthographic whole-word recognition (based on orthographic lexicon entries) and on reliance on serial sublexical processing instead. Inefficiency of the lexical route was inferred from prolonged gaze durations for singly fixated words. These findings were related to the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control. Slow activation of word phonology accounted for the low skipping rate of dyslexic readers. Frequent reliance on sublexical decoding was inferred from a tendency to fixate word beginnings and from short forward saccades. Overall, the linkage of the dual-route model of single word reading and a model of eye movement control led to a useful framework for understanding eye movement abnormalities of dyslexic readers. |
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