The linguistic and embodied nature of conceptual processing |
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| Authors: | Max M. Louwerse Patrick Jeuniaux |
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| Affiliation: | 1. École Doctorale Cerveau-Cognition-Comportement, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6, 75005 Paris, France;2. Cognitive Neuroimaging Unit, CEA DRF/I2BM, INSERM, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, NeuroSpin center, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France;3. NeuroSpin Center, Institute of BioImaging, Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France;4. Center for Mind/Brain Sciences, University of Trento, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;5. Parietal, INRIA, 91191 Gif/Yvette, France;6. Centre De Recherche en Mathématiques de la Décision, CNRS-UMR, Université PARIS – DAUPHINE, 7534 Paris, France;1. Centre for Language Evolution, The University of Edinburgh, Dugald Stewart Building, 3 Charles Street, Edinburgh EH8 9AD, Scotland, United Kingdom;2. School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;3. The Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;1. University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;2. Centre for Language Studies, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;3. Donders Centre for Cognition, Nijmegen, the Netherlands;1. Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy;2. NeuroMI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Milano, Italy;3. Department of Neurology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;4. Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;5. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland;6. Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland;1. Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada;2. Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Canada;3. Neuroimaging Research Unit, Seaman Family MR Research Centre, University of Calgary, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Recent theories of cognition have argued that embodied experience is important for conceptual processing. Embodiment can be contrasted with linguistic factors such as the typical order in which words appear in language. Here, we report four experiments that investigated the conditions under which embodiment and linguistic factors determine performance. Participants made speeded judgments about whether pairs of words or pictures were semantically related or had an iconic relationship. The embodiment factor was operationalized as the degree to which stimulus pairs were presented in the spatial configurations in which they usually occur (i.e., an iconic configuration, e.g., attic presented above basement). The linguistic factor was operationalized as the frequency of the stimulus pairs in language. The embodiment factor predicted error rates and response time better for pictures, whereas the linguistic factor predicted error rates and response time better for words. These findings were modified by task, with the embodiment factor being strongest in iconicity judgments for pictures and the linguistic factor being strongest in semantic judgments for words. Both factors predicted error rates and response time for both semantic and iconicity judgments. These findings support the view that conceptual processing is both linguistic and embodied, with a bias for the embodiment or the linguistic factor depending on the nature of the task and the stimuli. |
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